簡述梁陳詩歌創(chuàng)作的三種類型。
簡述孟子文章的特點。
簡述《左傳》的辭令藝術。
簡述敦煌曲子詞的特色。
簡述李煜詞的藝術風格。
簡述中唐古文運動興起的原因。
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一、梁陳詩歌的三種類型
自梁迄陳,是文學思想開始多元化發(fā)展的時期,詩歌創(chuàng)作亦呈現(xiàn)出多元化的面貌。大體說來,存在著三種不同的類型。
第一類是重功利、主質(zhì)樸的文學觀,以裴子野為代表,如他的《答張貞成皋》:“匈奴時未滅,連年被甲兵。明君思將帥,方聽鼓鼙聲。吾生恣逸翮,撫劍起徂征?！蔽娘L質(zhì)樸。
第二類是尚自然、主風力的詩歌思想,主要有齊宋梁初的吳均、何遜和梁陳兩代的陰鏗等人。
第三類是重娛樂、尚輕艷的文學觀,是此時文學思想的主潮,其創(chuàng)作上的代表即宮體詩。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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