說明文學(xué)寫作與語體有什么樣的關(guān)系。
舉例說明借詞是如何反映民族文化交流的。
結(jié)合實例說明論元結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成和類型。
舉例說明語義角色的類型。
舉例說明語流音變的主要類型。
試述語言學(xué)與自然科學(xué)之間的聯(lián)系。
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3.1文學(xué)寫作和語體
文學(xué)寫作一定離不開語體。因為每一個作者在寫作目的、寫作對象、寫作內(nèi)容及寫作方式等方面都會有所不同,所以文學(xué)作品中所表現(xiàn)的人物在身份性格、說話場合等方面也會有所不同。舉例來說,寫同一個人,在家里跟孩子說話和在會議上做報告就不能一樣;寫同一事,報紙評論和街談巷議也不會一樣;更不用說不同的人,比如教師和學(xué)生,不會說完全一樣的話;不同的事,比如發(fā)文件和寫情書,也肯定不會說一樣的話。如果不遵守社會上大多數(shù)人認(rèn)可的語體,那寫出來的東西就可能不倫不類,甚至可能南轅北轍了。如果把小說寫成學(xué)術(shù)論文,那估計也就不會有什么人看了。這也就是所謂的“量體裁衣”“因地制宜”“到什么山唱什么歌”。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
- Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?_____AThey include examples of newly discovered species.BThey contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.CThey are older than fossils found in other places.DThey have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.