（論述題）洋務運動的指導思想和洋務派舉辦的洋務事業(yè)。
20世紀中國經歷的三次歷史性巨大變化。
“三個代表”重要思想的提出及其意義。
中共八大如何分析我國社會主義改造完成后國內的主要矛盾和主要任務？
毛澤東提出的社會主義現代化建設的戰(zhàn)略目標和步驟。
毛澤東關于正確區(qū)分社會主義社會兩類不同性質矛盾學說的主要內容及意義。
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洋務運動的歷史作用及其失敗
（1）指導思想：馮桂芬對興辦洋務事業(yè)的指導思想最先作出比較完整的表述。他說，以中國之倫常名教為原本，輔以諸國富強之術。這個思想后來被進一步概括為“中學為體，西學為用”。
（2）洋務事業(yè)：①興辦近代企業(yè)。江南制造總局是洋務派辦的第一個規(guī)模較大可稱之為近代軍事工業(yè)的兵工廠；
②建立新式海陸軍。到19世紀90年代，分別 建成福建水師、廣東水師、南洋水師、北洋水師。其中，北洋水師是清政府海軍的主力，一直由李鴻章管轄；③創(chuàng)辦新式學堂、派遣留學生。
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- 材料全屏?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? British Columbia【*】British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province, both in area and population. It is nearly1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles (1,280km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada‘s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.【*】Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged ranges running north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age, this range was scoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. Its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.【*】The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds also moisture from the ocean.【*】Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains. As they rise to cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500 cm) of rain fall each year.【*】More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as300 feet (90m) tall, with diameters up to 10 feet (3m). More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.11【單選】With which aspect of British Columbia is the passage primarily concerned?（）A?Its climateB?Its cultureC?Its geographyDIts history
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